Skip to content
BeetfoxDeutsch

Planting calendar 2027

When to start seeds, sow and plant out in 2027, for Germany. The dates come from 30 years of frost records and hold in 2027 like every year. What changes are the weekdays and week numbers.

Download as PDFWork it out for your area

2027 at a glance

Average last frost
Monday, 19 April 2027 Week 16
Safe from (9 out of 10 years)
Thursday, 6 May 2027 Week 18
Ice Saints (folk rule)
Tuesday 11 to Saturday 15 May 2027 Week 19
Average first autumn frost
Wednesday, 27 October 2027 Week 43

Data: Deutscher Wetterdienst, daily minimum temperatures 1991–2020, our own calculation. Licence CC BY 4.0. Postcode coordinates: GeoNames (CC BY 4.0).

What changes in 2027 and what doesn’t

  • The dates stay the same: they come from the frost records of 1991–2020 and the weeks in our sources. Only a weather forecast can tell you what this spring will be like.
  • Weekdays and week numbers change: the Ice Saints fall on Tuesday to Saturday in 2027, in 2026 it was Monday to Friday.
Gardening by the moon: what’s the evidence?

Whole year 2027: all 85 plants

Based on: average for Germany, last frost 19 April, safe from 6 May

Fruiting vegetables

  1. Aubergine (eggplant)
    • Start indoors 11–25 March · weeks 10–12
    • Plant out 6 May – 30 June · weeks 18–26
  2. Cape gooseberry
    • Start indoors 11 March – 15 April · weeks 10–15
    • Plant out 6–20 May · weeks 18–20
  3. Chilli pepper
    • Start indoors 25 February – 11 March · weeks 8–10
    • Plant out 6–20 May · weeks 18–20
  4. Cucumber
    • Sow outdoors 6–20 May · weeks 18–20
    • Plant out 20 May – 30 June · weeks 20–26
  5. Melon
    • Sow outdoors 6–20 May · weeks 18–20
    • Plant out around 20 May · week 20
  6. Pumpkin and winter squash
    • Sow outdoors 6–20 May · weeks 18–20
    • Plant out 20–27 May · weeks 20–21
  7. Sweet pepper
    • Start indoors 25 February – 11 March · weeks 8–10
    • Plant out 6–20 May · weeks 18–20
  8. Sweetcorn
    • Sow outdoors 6–20 May · weeks 18–20
    • Plant out 6–20 May · weeks 18–20
  9. Tomato
    • Start indoors 11–25 March · weeks 10–12
    • Plant out 6 May – 30 June · weeks 18–26
  10. Zucchini (courgette)
    • Sow outdoors 6 May – 5 June · weeks 18–22
    • Plant out 20 May – 30 June · weeks 20–26

Beans and peas

  1. Broad bean (fava bean)
    • Sow outdoors 15 March – 10 April · weeks 11–14
  2. Bush bean
    • Sow outdoors 6 May – 10 July · weeks 18–27
  3. Pea
    • Sow outdoors 22 March – 30 June · weeks 12–26
  4. Pole bean
    • Sow outdoors 6 May – 30 June · weeks 18–26
  5. Runner bean
    • Sow outdoors 6 May – 30 June · weeks 18–26
    • Plant out 6 May – 30 June · weeks 18–26
  6. Sugar snap and snow pea
    • Sow outdoors 22 March – 30 June · weeks 12–26

Cabbages and turnips

  1. Broccoli
    • Start indoors 22 February – 8 March · weeks 8–10
    • Plant out 29 March – 31 July · weeks 13–30
    • Sow outdoors 29 March – 5 April · weeks 13–14
  2. Brussels sprouts
    • Start indoors 17 April – 1 May · weeks 15–17
    • Plant out 1 May – 10 June · weeks 17–23
  3. Cauliflower
    • Start indoors 22 February – 8 March · weeks 8–10
    • Plant out 5 April – 31 July · weeks 14–30
  4. Chinese cabbage
    • Plant out 22 March – 5 April · weeks 12–14
    • Sow (autumn) 1 July – 15 August · weeks 26–32
    • Plant (autumn) 15 July – 10 August · weeks 28–32
  5. Kale
    • Start indoors 11–25 May · weeks 19–21
    • Sow outdoors 21 May – 31 July · weeks 20–30
    • Plant out 1 June – 10 August · weeks 22–32
  6. Kohlrabi
    • Start indoors 22 February – 8 March · weeks 8–10
    • Plant out 5 April – 15 August · weeks 14–32
    • Sow outdoors 5 April – 15 July · weeks 14–28
  7. Pak choi
    • Start indoors 8–22 May · weeks 18–20
    • Plant out 15 May – 15 August · weeks 19–32
    • Sow (autumn) 1 July – 31 August · weeks 26–35
  8. Red cabbage
    • Plant out 29 March – 31 May · weeks 13–22
  9. Savoy cabbage
    • Plant out 29 March – 31 May · weeks 13–22
  10. Swede (rutabaga)

    No sourced time window

  11. Turnip
    • Sow outdoors 22 March – 30 April · weeks 12–17
  12. White cabbage
    • Start indoors 22 February – 8 March · weeks 8–10
    • Plant out 29 March – 31 May · weeks 13–22
    • Sow outdoors 29 March – 5 April · weeks 13–14

Roots and tubers

  1. Beetroot
    • Sow outdoors 29 March – 30 June · weeks 13–26
  2. Black salsify
    • Sow outdoors 1 March – 30 April · weeks 9–17
  3. Carrot
    • Sow outdoors 29 March – 30 June · weeks 13–26
  4. Celeriac
    • Start indoors 20 February – 6 March · weeks 7–9
    • Plant out 1 May – 30 June · weeks 17–26
  5. Hamburg parsley

    No sourced time window

  6. Parsnip
    • Sow outdoors 29 March – 10 May · weeks 13–19
  7. Potato
    • Plant out 15 April – 10 May · weeks 15–19
  8. Radish
    • Sow outdoors 29 March – 31 August · weeks 13–35
  9. Sweet potato
    • Plant out 1–15 June · weeks 22–24
  10. Winter radish (daikon)
    • Sow outdoors 1 July – 31 August · weeks 26–35

Onions and leeks

  1. Garlic
    • Plant (autumn) 1 September – 31 October · weeks 35–43
  2. Leek
    • Start indoors 6–20 March · weeks 9–11
    • Sow outdoors around 22 March · week 12
    • Plant out 15 May – 31 July · weeks 19–30
  3. Onion
    • Start indoors 8–22 February · weeks 6–8
    • Plant out 22 March – 5 April · weeks 12–14
  4. Shallot
    • Sow outdoors 22 March – 5 April · weeks 12–14
  5. Spring onion (scallion)
    • Sow outdoors 1 March – 15 July · weeks 9–28

Salads and leafy greens

  1. Butterhead lettuce
    • Sow outdoors 29 March – 31 July · weeks 13–30
    • Plant out 19 April – 31 July · weeks 16–30
  2. Celery
    • Start indoors 6–20 March · weeks 9–11
    • Plant out around 15 May · week 19
  3. Endive
    • Start indoors 22 February – 8 March · weeks 8–10
    • Sow outdoors 22 March – 5 April · weeks 12–14
    • Plant out around 5 April · week 14
    • Plant (autumn) 15 June – 31 August · weeks 24–35
  4. Florence fennel
    • Start indoors 25 March – 8 April · weeks 12–14
    • Plant out 6 May – 15 July · weeks 18–28
  5. Garden cress
    • Sow outdoors 1 May – 30 September · weeks 17–39
  6. Iceberg lettuce
    • Sow outdoors 29 March – 15 July · weeks 13–28
    • Plant out 19 April – 31 July · weeks 16–30
  7. Lamb’s lettuce (corn salad)
    • Sow outdoors 22–29 March · weeks 12–13
    • Sow (autumn) 1 August – 15 September · weeks 30–37
  8. Loose-leaf lettuce
    • Sow outdoors 29 March – 31 August · weeks 13–35
  9. Radicchio
    • Sow outdoors 8–22 March · weeks 10–12
    • Plant out around 19 April · week 16
    • Sow (autumn) 1–10 July · weeks 26–27
    • Plant (autumn) 15 July – 31 August · weeks 28–35
  10. Rocket (arugula)
    • Sow outdoors 1 March – 31 August · weeks 9–35
  11. Spinach
    • Start indoors 8–29 March · weeks 10–13
    • Sow outdoors 29 March – 5 April · weeks 13–14
    • Sow (autumn) 1 August – 15 September · weeks 30–37
  12. Swiss chard
    • Sow outdoors 21 April – 30 June · weeks 16–26

Herbs

  1. Basil
    • Sow outdoors 6 May – 30 June · weeks 18–26
    • Plant out 6–20 May · weeks 18–20
  2. Borage
    • Sow outdoors 19 April – 30 June · weeks 16–26
  3. Chervil
    • Start indoors around 22 February · week 8
    • Plant out 19 April – 3 May · weeks 16–18
    • Sow (autumn) 25 August – 1 September · weeks 34–35
  4. Chives
    • Start indoors 22 February – 8 March · weeks 8–10
  5. Coriander (cilantro)
    • Sow outdoors 19 April – 31 July · weeks 16–30
  6. Dill
    • Sow outdoors 5 April – 10 August · weeks 14–32
  7. Lavender
    • Start indoors 8–22 February · weeks 6–8
    • Plant out 19 April – 31 May · weeks 16–22
  8. Lemon balm
    • Start indoors 22 February – 8 March · weeks 8–10
    • Plant out 19 April – 31 August · weeks 16–35
  9. Mint
    • Plant out 1 April – 31 August · weeks 13–35
  10. Oregano
    • Plant out 19 April – 3 May · weeks 16–18
  11. Parsley
    • Start indoors 22 February – 8 March · weeks 8–10
    • Sow outdoors 19 April – 30 June · weeks 16–26
  12. Rosemary
    • Start indoors 11–25 February · weeks 6–8
    • Plant out 6–20 May · weeks 18–20
  13. Sage
    • Start indoors 22 February – 8 March · weeks 8–10
    • Plant out 19 April – 15 May · weeks 16–19
  14. Summer savory
    • Plant out 19 April – 3 May · weeks 16–18
  15. Thyme
    • Start indoors 8–22 February · weeks 6–8
    • Plant out 19 April – 15 May · weeks 16–19

Flowers

  1. French marigold (tagetes)
    • Start indoors around 8 April · week 14
    • Plant out 6–20 May · weeks 18–20
  2. Nasturtium
    • Start indoors 8–22 March · weeks 10–12
    • Sow outdoors 19 April – 3 May · weeks 16–18
  3. Pot marigold (calendula)
    • Start indoors 22 February – 8 March · weeks 8–10
    • Sow outdoors 1 March – 30 June · weeks 9–26
    • Plant out 19 April – 3 May · weeks 16–18
  4. Sunflower
    • Sow outdoors 19 April – 30 June · weeks 16–26
  5. Sweet alyssum
    • Start indoors 8–15 March · weeks 10–11
    • Plant out 5–12 April · weeks 14–15

Green manure

  1. Buckwheat
    • Sow outdoors 6 May – 15 July · weeks 18–28
  2. Oilseed radish
    • Sow outdoors 1–30 September · weeks 35–39
  3. Phacelia
    • Sow outdoors 19 April – 10 September · weeks 16–36
  4. White mustard
    • Sow outdoors 1 June – 10 September · weeks 22–36

Perennials

  1. Asparagus
    • Plant out 21 March – 15 April · weeks 11–15
  2. Globe artichoke
    • Start indoors 20 March – 17 April · weeks 11–15
    • Plant out 15–29 May · weeks 19–21
  3. Horseradish
    • Plant out 1–30 April · weeks 13–17
  4. Jerusalem artichoke
    • Plant out 1 March – 30 April · weeks 9–17
  5. Rhubarb
    • Plant (autumn) 1–30 September · weeks 35–39
  6. Strawberry
    • Plant out 1 July – 31 August · weeks 26–35

Data: Deutscher Wetterdienst, daily minimum temperatures 1991–2020, our own calculation. Licence CC BY 4.0. Postcode coordinates: GeoNames (CC BY 4.0).

When to start seeds indoorsEnter a German postcode or your own last frost date. You see every plant you start indoors, sorted by date, and when it can go outside.

Questions and answers

When is the last frost in 2027?

On average in Germany on 19 April; in 9 out of 10 years it is over by 6 May (German weather records 1991–2020). In 2027 that is a Monday and a Thursday. It is based on past years, not a weather forecast.

When are the Ice Saints in 2027?

From 11 to 15 May 2027, Tuesday to Saturday in week 19. It is a German folk rule: at 165 of 299 weather stations, the frost is over before then in 9 out of 10 years.

When do I start tomatoes indoors in 2027?

On average in Germany: 11–25 March 2027 (weeks 10 to 12), plant out from 6 May. For your area, the seed starting calculator works it out from your postcode or frost date.

Does the planting calendar change every year?

No. The dates come from the frost records of 1991–2020 and the weeks in our sources, so they are the same every year. Only weekdays and week numbers change.

Is there a moon calendar for 2027?

Not one with sowing days: we found no reliable evidence for it. What studies say and when the full moons are is on our fact page about gardening by the moon.

Sources

Show 136 sources
  1. Deutscher Wetterdienst, Climate Data Center: Tageswerte (Klima) der Stationen, historisch
  2. Deutscher Wetterdienst, Wetterlexikon: Frosttag
  3. Deutscher Wetterdienst, Wetterlexikon: Eisheilige
  4. UNH Extension: How do I know when to start seedlings indoors?
  5. University of Maryland Extension: Growing Tomatoes in a Home Garden
  6. Gartenakademie Rheinland-Pfalz (DLR): Der Gemüsegarten im Juni (Tipp des Monats, E. Hofmann)
  7. University of Maryland Extension: Growing Peppers in a Home Garden
  8. USU Extension: How to Grow Peppers in Your Garden
  9. NMSU Guide H-240: Growing Chile Peppers in New Mexico Gardens
  10. Penn State Extension: Eggplant in the Garden and the Kitchen
  11. University of Maryland Extension: Growing Eggplant in a Home Garden
  12. Hudson Valley Seed Company: Cape Gooseberries
  13. RHS Plant Finder: Physalis peruviana (F), Cape gooseberry
  14. University of Maryland Extension: Growing Cucumbers in a Home Garden
  15. Cornell Garden-Based Learning: Indoor Vegetable Seed Starting (Factsheet, 2015)
  16. University of Maryland Extension: Growing Summer Squash (Zucchini) in a Home Garden
  17. Gartenakademie Rheinland-Pfalz (DLR Rheinpfalz): Zucchini (Cucurbita pepo L.), Merkblatt
  18. University of Maryland Extension: Growing Pumpkins in a Home Garden
  19. University of Maryland Extension: Growing Melons in a Home Garden
  20. University of Saskatchewan, Gardening at USask: Melons
  21. University of Maryland Extension: Growing Sweet Corn in a Home Garden
  22. RHS: How to grow sweetcorn
  23. University of Maryland Extension: Growing Beans in a Home Garden
  24. Bayerische Gartenakademie (LWG): Buschbohnen (Phaseolus vulgaris) (Infoschrift 2177)
  25. RHS: How to grow French beans
  26. DLR Gartenakademie RLP: Aussaat- bzw. Pflanzzeiten von Gemüse
  27. RHS: How to grow runner beans
  28. Colorado State University Extension, GardenNotes #720: Vegetable Planting Guide
  29. Sächsische Gartenakademie (LfULG): Anbau von Erbsen im Haus- und Kleingarten (2013, Archivkopie)
  30. LTZ Augustenberg (Baden-Württemberg), Infodienst Landwirtschaft: Kulturpflanzen – Ackerbohne
  31. Sächsische Gartenakademie (LfULG): Gartentipp März 2019 „Zeitige Gemüseaussaaten im Freiland“
  32. Cornell Cooperative Extension Orange County: Beginning a Vegetable Garden
  33. USU Extension: How to Grow Cabbage in Your Garden
  34. USU Extension: How to Grow Cauliflower in Your Garden
  35. Sächsische Gartenakademie (LfULG): Anbau von Blumenkohl im Haus- und Kleingarten (2016, Archivkopie)
  36. USU Extension: Broccoli in the Garden
  37. Bayerische Landesanstalt für Landwirtschaft (LfL): Kraut (Weißkraut, Blaukraut, Kohlrabi) im Gemüsegarten
  38. Illinois Extension: Cool-Season Vegetables (Infosheet, 2024)
  39. Sächsische Gartenakademie (LfULG): Anbau von Rosenkohl im Haus- und Kleingarten (2016, Archivkopie)
  40. USU Extension: How to Grow Kale in Your Garden
  41. Bayerische Gartenakademie (LWG): Leitfaden zum Gärtnern im Biogarten (2. Auflage 2019)
  42. Bayerische Gartenakademie (LWG): Gartencast „Den Herbst im Gemüsegarten planen“ (1. August 2023)
  43. Sächsische Gartenakademie (LfULG): Anbau von Grünkohl im Haus- und Kleingarten (2016, Archivkopie)
  44. USU Extension: How to Grow Kohlrabi in Your Garden
  45. Sächsische Gartenakademie (LfULG): Anbau von Kohlrabi im Haus- und Kleingarten (2015, Archivkopie)
  46. SARE: Northeast Crop Production & Harvest Manual – Bok Choy and Chinese Cabbage
  47. Sächsische Gartenakademie (LfULG): Anbau von Chinakohl im Haus- und Kleingarten – Eine ausgewiesene Nachfrucht (2016, Archivkopie)
  48. LWG Bayerische Gartenakademie: Infoschrift 2102 Gemüsearten zur Nachkultur
  49. Kentucky State University Cooperative Extension: Bok Choy Fact Sheet (2025)
  50. Sächsische Gartenakademie (LfULG): Wenig bekannte Gemüsearten (3. Auflage 2017)
  51. Bayerische Landesanstalt für Weinbau und Gartenbau (LWG): Pak Choi – Asiatische Gemüse-Power (Flyer)
  52. USU Extension: How to Grow Rutabagas and Turnips in Your Garden
  53. Gartenakademie Rheinland-Pfalz (DLR): Übersicht – Kultur verschiedener Gemüsearten im Hausgarten (o. J.)
  54. USU Extension: How to Grow Radishes in Your Garden
  55. LWG Bayerische Gartenakademie: Gemüsearten zur Nachkultur (Infoschrift)
  56. USU Extension: How to Grow Potatoes in Your Garden
  57. Bayerische Gartenakademie (LWG): Die Kartoffel – tolle Knolle für Garten und Balkon (Merkblatt 2153, Mai 2020)
  58. USU Extension: How to Grow Sweet Potatoes in Your Garden
  59. Bayerische Gartenakademie (LWG): Bataten – Süßkartoffeln (Merkblatt 2179)
  60. USU Extension: Carrots in the Garden
  61. Bayerische Gartenakademie (LWG): Gartencast „Möhren – gesundes Orange aus dem Garten“ (1. April 2026)
  62. USU Extension: Parsnips in the Garden
  63. Bayerische Gartenakademie (LWG): Pastinake (Infoschrift 2157)
  64. Cornell Home Gardening: Growing Guide Celeriac
  65. USU Extension: Beets in the Garden
  66. LWG Veitshöchheim: Flyer „Rote Bete – Die vitaminreiche Zauberknolle“
  67. Cornell Home Gardening: Growing Guide Onions
  68. Cornell Home Gardening: Growing Guide Shallots (Steckzwiebeln)
  69. Sächsische Gartenakademie (LfULG): Faltblatt „Zwiebeln“ (2006), Abschnitt Lauchzwiebeln
  70. Cornell Home Gardening: Growing Guide Leeks
  71. Landwirtschaftskammer Nordrhein-Westfalen: Gartentipp „Warum blüht der Porree?“ (2003)
  72. USU Extension: Lettuce in the Garden
  73. Hessische Gartenakademie (LLH): Sich im Sommer die Ernte für Herbst und Winter sichern (08.07.2025)
  74. Bayerische Gartenakademie (LWG): Gemüse im Gartenjahr – Hinweise und Anregungen zum Biogarten (Infoschrift 2101)
  75. Gartenakademie Rheinland-Pfalz (DLR Rheinpfalz): „Auch im August kann noch ausgesät werden!“
  76. Cornell Home Gardening: Growing Guide Endive
  77. Cornell Home Gardening: Growing Guide Radicchio
  78. USU Extension: Chicory in the Garden
  79. Gartenakademie Rheinland-Pfalz: Salat (fast) rund ums Jahr aus dem eigenen Garten
  80. USU Extension: Lamb's Lettuce in the Garden
  81. BZfE: Kresse von der Fensterbank (Stand 18.02.2026)
  82. USU Extension: Spinach in the Garden
  83. Cornell Home Gardening: Growing Guide Spinach
  84. Cornell Home Gardening: Growing Guide Swiss Chard
  85. Bayerische Gartenakademie (LWG): Mangold – ein uraltes Gemüse (Infoschrift 2155)
  86. Cornell Home Gardening: Growing Guide Celery
  87. USU Extension: Fennel in the Garden
  88. Bayerische Gartenakademie (LWG): Knollenfenchel (Merkblatt 2172, September 2016)
  89. UMN Extension: Growing parsley
  90. Illinois Extension, Herb Gardening: Dill
  91. DLR Rheinland-Pfalz: Anbau- und Sortenhinweise Gemüsebau – Dill, Freiland (2024/2025)
  92. University of Maryland Extension: Dill
  93. Illinois Extension, Herb Gardening: Cilantro
  94. Gartenakademie Rheinland-Pfalz (DLR): Anbau von Koriander (Coriandrum sativum) – Kulturanleitung
  95. Johnny's Selected Seeds: Chervil – Key Growing Information
  96. Johnny's Selected Seeds: Chives – Key Growing Information
  97. University of Maryland Extension: Growing Basil in a Home Garden
  98. Bayerische Gartenakademie (LWG), Merkblatt 2151: Basilikum
  99. Utah State University Extension: Basil in the Garden
  100. Illinois Extension, Herb Gardening: Savory: Summer
  101. Johnny's Selected Seeds: Thyme – Key Growing Information
  102. Landwirtschaftskammer Niedersachsen: 6 Fragen – 6 Antworten zu Kräuter im Hausgarten
  103. RHS Grow your own: Oregano
  104. Johnny's Selected Seeds: Sage – Key Growing Information
  105. University of Maryland Extension: Care of Herbs and Starting Herbs from Seed
  106. Gartenakademie Rheinland-Pfalz (DLR): Gartenkalender „Arbeiten im Gemüsegarten im April“
  107. Bayerische Landesanstalt für Landwirtschaft (LfL): Kulturanleitung für Pfefferminze (4. Auflage 2001)
  108. Johnny's Selected Seeds: Lemon Balm – Key Growing Information
  109. Bayerische Landesanstalt für Landwirtschaft (LfL): Kulturanleitung für Zitronenmelisse (2001)
  110. Johnny's Selected Seeds: Rosemary from Seed – Key Growing Information
  111. Johnny's Selected Seeds: Lavender – Key Growing Information
  112. Utah State University Extension: English Lavender in the Garden
  113. Sächsische Gartenakademie (LfULG): Lavendel – Ein Stück Provence im heimischen Garten (Gartentipp März 2016)
  114. Illinois Extension, Herb Gardening: Borage
  115. Sächsische Landesanstalt für Landwirtschaft: Der Pillnitzer Kräutergarten (2003)
  116. UW–Madison Extension Horticulture: Calendula, Calendula officinalis
  117. Utah State University Extension: Calendula in the Garden
  118. Gartenakademie Rheinland-Pfalz (DLR): Schnittblumen aus dem eigenen Garten (E. Morgenstern)
  119. Mississippi State University Extension: Marigolds (Tagetes erecta) for the Farmer Florist
  120. UW–Madison Extension Horticulture: Nasturtium, Tropaeolum majus
  121. Oregon State University Extension: Sunflowers
  122. NC State Extension Plant Toolbox: Lobularia maritima
  123. UW–Madison Extension: Sweet alyssum, Lobularia maritima
  124. NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox: Phacelia tanacetifolia
  125. LWG Bayerische Gartenakademie: Gartentipp – Gründüngung als Nachkultur (25.08.2025)
  126. SARE, Managing Cover Crops Profitably: Buckwheat
  127. LTZ Augustenberg (Baden-Württemberg): Kulturpflanzen – Buchweizen (Fagopyrum esculentum)
  128. Sächsische Landesanstalt für Landwirtschaft: Zwischenfrüchte im ökologischen Landbau (2004), Artenbeschreibungen
  129. Bayerische Gartenakademie (LWG), Infoschrift 3182: Erdbeeren
  130. Bayerische Gartenakademie (LWG): Merkblatt 2176 „Rhabarber“ (November 2019)
  131. Landwirtschaftskammer Niedersachsen (Gartenakademie): Anbau von Grünspargel im Hausgarten
  132. DLR Rheinland-Pfalz, Ernährungsberatung: Topinambur entdecken (2025)
  133. Johnny's Selected Seeds: Globe Artichokes (growing instructions, PDF)
  134. Utah State University Extension: Artichoke in the Garden
  135. Bayerische Gartenakademie (LWG): Artischocke (Cynara scolymus) (Infoschrift 2170)
  136. RHS Grow your own: Globe artichokes

All tools