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Plant spacing chart

How far apart rows and plants go, how many fit on a square metre and how many go into one 30 × 30 cm square.

Work it out for your bed: plant spacing calculator
PlantBetween rowsIn the rowPer m²Per squareSource
Fruiting vegetables · 10
Aubergine (eggplant)61 cm (24 in)61 cm (24 in)2.71 plantUSU Extension
Cape gooseberry90 cm (35 in)45 cm (18 in)2.5–Purdue NewCROP
Chilli pepper61–76 cm (24–30 in)20–36 cm (8–14 in)8.21 plantNMSU Guide H-240
Cucumber–30 cm (12 in)–2 plantsBayerische Gartenakademie (LWG)
Melon122–183 cm (48–72 in)61 cm (24 in)1.31 plant per 2 squaresUSU Extension
Pumpkin and winter squash122–183 cm (48–72 in)61–91 cm (24–36 in)1.3–USU Extension
Sweet pepper60 cm (24 in)40 cm (16 in)4.21 plantBayerische Gartenakademie (LWG)
Sweetcorn61–76 cm (24–30 in)18–23 cm (7–9 in)9.13 plantsUSU Extension
Tomato80 cm (31 in)50 cm (20 in)2.51 plant per 4 squaresBayerische Gartenakademie (LWG)
Zucchini (courgette)80 cm (31 in)80 cm (31 in)1.61 plant per 9 squaresBayerische Gartenakademie (LWG)
Beans and peas · 6
Broad bean (fava bean)45 cm (18 in)15–23 cm (6–9 in)14.81 plantRHS
Bush bean40 cm (16 in)6 cm (2 in)41.79 plantsBayerische Gartenakademie (LWG)
Pea30–61 cm (12–24 in)3–5 cm (1–2 in)111.18 plantsUSU Extension
Pole bean61–91 cm (24–36 in)10–20 cm (4–8 in)16.48 plantsUniversity of Maryland Extension
Runner bean45–60 cm (18–24 in)15–30 cm (6–12 in)14.8–RHS
Sugar snap and snow pea46 cm (18 in)3–8 cm (1–3 in)72.58 plantsUniversity of Maryland Extension
Cabbages and turnips · 12
Broccoli76 cm (30 in)38 cm (15 in)3.51 plantUSU Extension
Brussels sprouts60 cm (24 in)60 cm (24 in)2.81 plant per 2 squaresRHS
Cauliflower76 cm (30 in)38 cm (15 in)3.51 plantUSU Extension
Chinese cabbage40 cm (16 in)35 cm (14 in)7.1–Bayerische Gartenakademie (LWG)
Kale61 cm (24 in)30 cm (12 in)5.51 plantUSU Extension
Kohlrabi25 cm (10 in)20 cm (8 in)204 plantsBayerische Gartenakademie (LWG)
Pak choi30 cm (12 in)28 cm (11 in)11.9–RHS
Red cabbage–38 cm (15 in)––RHS
Savoy cabbage–38 cm (15 in)––RHS
Swede (rutabaga)38 cm (15 in)23 cm (9 in)11.44 plantsRHS
Turnip13 cm (5 in)13 cm (5 in)59.24 plantsColorado State University Extension, GardenNotes #720
White cabbage50 cm (20 in)50 cm (20 in)41 plantBayerische Gartenakademie (LWG)
Roots and tubers · 10
Beetroot30 cm (12 in)10 cm (4 in)33.39 plantsRHS Grow your own
Black salsify20–30 cm (8–12 in)15 cm (6 in)33.3–Garden Organic
Carrot25 cm (10 in)––16 plantsBayerische Gartenakademie (LWG)
Celeriac40–45 cm (16–18 in)30 cm (12 in)8.3–RHS Grow your own
Hamburg parsley20 cm (8 in)5–8 cm (2–3 in)100–Sächsische Landesanstalt für Landwirtschaft
Parsnip30 cm (12 in)15 cm (6 in)22.216 plantsRHS Grow your own
Potato76–91 cm (30–36 in)25–30 cm (10–12 in)5.31 plantUSU Extension
Radish15 cm (6 in)4 cm (2 in)166.716 plantsBayerische Gartenakademie (LWG)
Sweet potato91–122 cm (36–48 in)30 cm (12 in)3.71 plantUSU Extension
Winter radish (daikon)15 cm (6 in)18 cm (7 in)37–RHS
Onions and leeks · 5
Garlic30 cm (12 in)15 cm (6 in)22.2–RHS Grow your own
Leek30 cm (12 in)15 cm (6 in)22.24 plantsBayerische Gartenakademie (LWG)
Onion25 cm (10 in)5 cm (2 in)804 plantsBayerische Gartenakademie (LWG)
Shallot25–30 cm (10–12 in)15–20 cm (6–8 in)26.7–RHS Grow your own
Spring onion (scallion)30–46 cm (12–18 in)3 cm (1 in)111.116 plantsCornell Home Gardening
Salads and leafy greens · 12
Butterhead lettuce25 cm (10 in)25 cm (10 in)164 plantsBayerische Gartenakademie (LWG)
Celery23 cm (9 in)23 cm (9 in)18.9–RHS Grow your own
Endive30 cm (12 in)23–38 cm (9–15 in)14.5–RHS Grow your own
Florence fennel30 cm (12 in)30 cm (12 in)11.1–RHS Grow your own
Garden cress25 cm (10 in)–––Bayerische Gartenakademie (LWG)
Iceberg lettuce46 cm (18 in)30 cm (12 in)7.2–Cornell Home Gardening
Lamb’s lettuce (corn salad)10 cm (4 in)–––Bayerische Gartenakademie (LWG)
Loose-leaf lettuce25 cm (10 in)25 cm (10 in)164 plantsLfULG Sachsen
Radicchio30 cm (12 in)30 cm (12 in)11.1–RHS Grow your own
Rocket (arugula)20 cm (8 in)–––Bayerische Gartenakademie (LWG)
Spinach20 cm (8 in)10 cm (4 in)509 plantsBayerische Gartenakademie (LWG)
Swiss chard45 cm (18 in)30 cm (12 in)7.4–RHS Grow your own
Herbs · 15
Basil46 cm (18 in)30 cm (12 in)7.22 plantsUniversity of Maryland Extension
Borage46 cm (18 in)30 cm (12 in)7.2–University of Maryland Extension
Chervil30 cm (12 in)15 cm (6 in)22.2–RHS Grow your own
Chives30 cm (12 in)30 cm (12 in)11.12 plantsUniversity of Maryland Extension
Coriander (cilantro)38 cm (15 in)5 cm (2 in)52.69 plantsUtah State University Extension
Dill30 cm (12 in)23 cm (9 in)14.54 plantsUtah State University Extension
Lavender–46 cm (18 in)–1 plantUtah State University Extension
Lemon balm–46 cm (18 in)––Utah State University Extension
Mint–46 cm (18 in)––University of Maryland Extension
Oregano–20 cm (8 in)–1 plantRHS Grow your own
Parsley20–30 cm (8–12 in)15–30 cm (6–12 in)33.34 plantsRHS Grow your own
Rosemary–45 cm (18 in)––RHS Grow your own
Sage46 cm (18 in)30 cm (12 in)7.2–Johnny's Selected Seeds
Summer savory–20 cm (8 in)––RHS Grow your own
Thyme–20 cm (8 in)––RHS Grow your own
Flowers · 5
French marigold (tagetes)30 cm (12 in)30 cm (12 in)11.14 plantsMississippi State University Extension
Nasturtium–25 cm (10 in)––UW–Madison Extension Horticulture
Pot marigold (calendula)–20 cm (8 in)––Utah State University Extension
Sunflower61 cm (24 in)30 cm (12 in)5.5–UGA Extension C 1121
Sweet alyssum–18 cm (7 in)––Johnny's Selected Seeds
Green manure · 4
Buckwheat15 cm (6 in)–––SARE, Managing Cover Crops Profitably
Oilseed radish–––––
Phacelia–––––
White mustard–––––
Perennials · 6
Asparagus122 cm (48 in)30 cm (12 in)2.7–USU Extension
Globe artichoke–75 cm (30 in)––RHS Grow your own
Horseradish–30 cm (12 in)––USU Extension
Jerusalem artichoke100 cm (39 in)30 cm (12 in)3.3–RHS Grow your own
Rhubarb122 cm (48 in)91 cm (36 in)0.9–USU Extension
Strawberry75 cm (30 in)35–40 cm (14–16 in)3.8–RHS

“–” means our sources give no value for it.

Questions and answers

How far apart should I plant tomatoes?

Spacing 80 × 50 cm (31 × 20 in), according to Bayerische Gartenakademie (LWG).

How far apart should I plant zucchini?

Spacing 80 × 80 cm (31 × 31 in), according to Bayerische Gartenakademie (LWG).

How far apart should I plant potatoes?

Spacing 76–91 × 25–30 cm (30–36 × 10–12 in), according to USU Extension.

How far apart should I plant butterhead lettuce?

Spacing 25 × 25 cm (10 × 10 in), according to Bayerische Gartenakademie (LWG).

How do I work out plants per square metre?

Divide 10,000 by row spacing times in-row spacing, both in centimetres. At 50 × 40 cm that is 10,000 ÷ 2,000 = 5 plants per m².

Sources

Show 139 sources
  1. Bayerische Gartenakademie (LWG): Sä- und Pflanztermine auf einen Blick (2018)
  2. USU Extension: How to Grow Tomatoes in Your Garden
  3. RHS: How to grow tomatoes
  4. Phipps Conservatory and Botanical Gardens: Square Foot Gardening Guide (2020)
  5. USU Extension: How to Grow Peppers in Your Garden
  6. RHS: How to grow sweet peppers
  7. NYC Parks GreenThumb: Square Foot Gardening (Growing Veggies in NYC Training)
  8. NMSU Guide H-240: Growing Chile Peppers in New Mexico Gardens
  9. RHS: How to grow chilli peppers
  10. USU Extension: How to Grow Eggplant in Your Garden
  11. RHS: How to grow aubergines
  12. Purdue NewCROP: Cape Gooseberry (aus Morton, Fruits of Warm Climates, 1987)
  13. USU Extension: How to Grow Cucumber in Your Garden
  14. USU Extension: How to Grow Summer and Winter Squash in Your Garden
  15. RHS: How to grow courgettes
  16. USU Extension: How to Grow Pumpkins in Your Garden
  17. RHS: How to grow pumpkins
  18. USU Extension: How to Grow Cantaloupe (Muskmelon) in Your Garden
  19. RHS: How to grow melons
  20. USU Extension: How to Grow Sweet Corn in Your Garden
  21. RHS: How to grow sweetcorn
  22. University of Maryland Extension: Growing Beans in a Home Garden
  23. RHS: How to grow French beans
  24. RHS: How to grow runner beans
  25. USU Extension: How to Grow Peas in Your Garden
  26. RHS: How to grow peas
  27. University of Maryland Extension: Growing Green Peas in a Home Garden
  28. RHS: How to grow broad beans
  29. Johnny's Selected Seeds: Fava Bean – Key Growing Information
  30. USU Extension: How to Grow Cabbage in Your Garden
  31. Colorado State University Extension, GardenNotes #720: Vegetable Planting Guide
  32. UC Cooperative Extension Master Gardeners Tulare & Kings: Square Foot Gardening Plant & Seed Spacing
  33. RHS: How to grow cabbages
  34. USU Extension: How to Grow Cauliflower in Your Garden
  35. Virginia Cooperative Extension: Virginia's Home Garden Vegetable Planting Guide (426-331/SPES-673P), Table 5
  36. USU Extension: Broccoli in the Garden
  37. RHS: How to grow Brussels sprouts
  38. USU Extension: How to Grow Kale in Your Garden
  39. Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County: Garden Planning Cards
  40. USU Extension: How to Grow Kohlrabi in Your Garden
  41. Bayerische Gartenakademie (LWG): Merkblatt 2111 Fruchtfolge für Gemüsebeete (Oktober 2016)
  42. RHS: How to grow Chinese cabbage
  43. SARE: Northeast Crop Production & Harvest Manual – Bok Choy and Chinese Cabbage
  44. RHS: How to grow pak choi
  45. Kentucky State University Cooperative Extension: Bok Choy Fact Sheet (2025)
  46. RHS: How to grow swedes
  47. USU Extension: How to Grow Rutabagas and Turnips in Your Garden
  48. USU Extension: How to Grow Radishes in Your Garden
  49. RHS: How to grow radishes
  50. UMN Extension: Growing radishes
  51. USU Extension: How to Grow Potatoes in Your Garden
  52. RHS: How to grow potatoes
  53. USU Extension: How to Grow Sweet Potatoes in Your Garden
  54. RHS: How to grow sweet potatoes
  55. RHS Grow your own: Carrots
  56. USU Extension: Carrots in the Garden
  57. UC Cooperative Extension Master Gardeners Tulare-Kings: How to Square Foot Garden
  58. RHS Grow your own: Parsnips
  59. USU Extension: Parsnips in the Garden
  60. Sächsische Landesanstalt für Landwirtschaft: Der Pillnitzer Kräutergarten
  61. RHS Grow your own: Celeriac
  62. Cornell Home Gardening: Growing Guide Celeriac
  63. RHS Grow your own: Beetroot
  64. USU Extension: Beets in the Garden
  65. Garden Organic: How to grow salsify & scorzonera
  66. USU Extension: Black Salsify in the Garden
  67. RHS Grow your own: Onions (Steckzwiebeln)
  68. UMN Extension: Growing onions (Saat)
  69. RHS Grow your own: Shallots (Steckzwiebeln)
  70. Cornell Home Gardening: Growing Guide Shallots (Steckzwiebeln)
  71. Cornell Home Gardening: Growing Guide Onions
  72. Cornell Home Gardening: Growing Guide Leeks
  73. RHS Grow your own: Garlic
  74. Cornell Home Gardening: Growing Guide Garlic
  75. LfULG Sachsen: Gartensalate – Anbau im Haus- und Kleingarten
  76. RHS Grow your own: Lettuce
  77. Cornell Home Gardening: Growing Guide Lettuce
  78. RHS Grow your own: Endive
  79. Cornell Home Gardening: Growing Guide Endive
  80. RHS Grow your own: Chicory
  81. USU Extension: Chicory in the Garden
  82. USU Extension: Lamb's Lettuce in the Garden
  83. RHS: How to grow rocket
  84. RHS Grow your own: Spinach
  85. USU Extension: Spinach in the Garden
  86. RHS Grow your own: Chard
  87. USU Extension: Swiss Chard in the Garden
  88. RHS Grow your own: Celery
  89. USU Extension: Celery in the Garden
  90. RHS Grow your own: Florence fennel
  91. USU Extension: Fennel in the Garden
  92. RHS Grow your own: Parsley
  93. UMN Extension: Growing parsley
  94. Utah State University Extension: Dill in the Garden
  95. RHS Grow your own: Dill
  96. Phipps Conservatory: Square Foot Gardening (PDF)
  97. Utah State University Extension: Cilantro/Coriander in the Garden
  98. University of Maryland Extension: Cilantro
  99. RHS Grow your own: Chervil
  100. University of Maryland Extension: Chervil
  101. University of Maryland Extension: Chives
  102. Utah State University Extension: Chives in the Garden
  103. University of Maryland Extension: Growing Basil in a Home Garden
  104. Bayerische Gartenakademie (LWG), Merkblatt 2151: Basilikum
  105. RHS Grow your own: Savory
  106. Johnny's Selected Seeds: Summer Savory – Key Growing Information
  107. RHS Grow your own: Thyme
  108. Johnny's Selected Seeds: Thyme – Key Growing Information
  109. RHS Grow your own: Oregano
  110. University of Maryland Extension: Oregano
  111. Johnny's Selected Seeds: Sage – Key Growing Information
  112. University of Maryland Extension: Mint
  113. Utah State University Extension: Mint in the Garden
  114. Utah State University Extension: Lemon Balm in the Garden
  115. Johnny's Selected Seeds: Lemon Balm – Key Growing Information
  116. RHS Grow your own: Rosemary
  117. Johnny's Selected Seeds: Rosemary from Seed – Key Growing Information
  118. Utah State University Extension: English Lavender in the Garden
  119. Johnny's Selected Seeds: Lavender – Key Growing Information
  120. University of Maryland Extension: Borage
  121. Johnny's Selected Seeds: Borage – Key Growing Information
  122. Utah State University Extension: Calendula in the Garden
  123. Mississippi State University Extension: Marigolds (Tagetes erecta) for the Farmer Florist
  124. UW–Madison Extension Horticulture: Nasturtium, Tropaeolum majus
  125. UGA Extension C 1121: Growing Sunflowers in the Home Garden
  126. Oregon State University Extension: Sunflowers
  127. Johnny's Selected Seeds: Sweet Alyssum Flower Seed
  128. SARE, Managing Cover Crops Profitably: Buckwheat
  129. RHS: How to grow strawberries
  130. Bayerische Gartenakademie (LWG), Infoschrift 3182: Erdbeeren
  131. USU Extension: How to Grow Rhubarb in Your Garden
  132. RHS: How to grow rhubarb
  133. USU Extension: How to Grow Asparagus in Your Garden
  134. RHS: How to grow asparagus
  135. USU Extension: How to Grow Horseradish in Your Garden
  136. RHS Grow your own: Jerusalem artichokes
  137. University of Saskatchewan Gardening: Jerusalem artichokes
  138. RHS Grow your own: Globe artichokes
  139. Utah State University Extension: Artichoke in the Garden

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